Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to. Understanding english as a lingua franca book, 2011. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and worthwhile object of study, some have challenged its value and the idea that elf is a distinct variety of english at all. Barbara seidlhofer the spread of english as the dominant international lingua franca elf. It also makes an important contribution to the sociolinguistic study of variation in english and to understanding the implications of the spread of english as a global lingua franca. Research into english as a lingua franca has been slower to take off, despite pioneering work by a. The qualitative and quantitative rise of literature on teaching english to young learners.
Such deliberation is not yet prevalent among academics and prac. English as a globallingua franca english, whatever may be meant by this designation, is the language in which most lingua franca communication worldwide is now taking place. A complete introduction to the theoretical nature and practical. Understanding english as a lingua franca united states. Pdf on mar 1, 2012, will baker and others published understanding english as a lingua franca by b. Barbara seidlhofer was recently described at the 4th international elf english as a lingua franca conference as one of the founding mothers of elf studies. Oxford applied linguistics 01 by seidlhofer, barbara isbn. The user of english as a lingua franca may be either native or nonnative is typically bi or multilingual, or bidialectal an englishusing bilingual alptekin, 2005 is likely to be skilled in communicative and comprehension strategies. The reports can focus on a variety of features or services within the elf program. The fully competent speaker of english as a lingua franca. Lecturer attitudes towards and perceptions of teaching in.
She is the founding director of the viennaoxford international corpus of english voice, which provides a basis for empirical research into english as a lingua franca. This dictionary is a computergenerated index to the english words and phrases listed in the master. We begin by considering how the recent phenomenon of english as a lingua franca henceforth elf fits in with the older notion of lingua francas in general as well as with older versions of elf. The au thor initially states that understanding english as a lingua franca. English language is functionally promoted to be a lingua franca in asean working language. Lecturer attitudes towards and perceptions of teaching in english as a lingua franca 1. English as a lingua franca a native culturefree code. This leads to communicative inequality phillipson 2003. Pdf understanding english as a lingua franca researchgate. Review of developments in research into english as a. English is the lingua franca of international business, science, technology, aviation, the european union, mass media, the internet and advertising firth. In understanding english as a lingua franca, barbara seidlhofer deals with the linguistic implications of globalization in the expanding circle kachru 1992 viewed from a transformationalist.
She was also for several years editor of the international journal of applied linguistics and is a founding editor of the new journal of english as a. Preamble very languages on the globe is found going. The role of english as a lingua franca in european projects. Department of english, purdue university, heavilon hall 324, 500 oval drive, west lafayette, in, 47906 usa. Researchers are becoming increasingly interested in responding to the effects of the english languages viability as a lingua franca. Although it is acknowledged that english is now being appropriated as a lingua franca by users all over the world, and being put to effective communicative use without needing to conform to native speaker norms of correctness, there remains an entrenched reluctance to grant the same kind of legitimacy to this expanding circle variation that is now generally accorded to. English as a lingua franca elf is being used predominantly in communication from one nonnative speaker to another, and descriptive studies are just beginning to emerge dewey 2007. Englishasalinguafranca barbaraseidlhofer in recent years, the term english as a lingua franca elf has emerged as a way of referring to communication in english between speakers with different. Her seminal 2001 paper on elf, along with a small number of other studies e. Pdf in understanding english as a lingua franca, barbara seidlhofer deals with the linguistic implications of globalization in the expanding circle.
As pakir 2009 pointed out, the traditional elt paradigm is being challenged in the 21st. Lingua francas of the world 661 the use of this particular form of french eventually died out, but not before having left its own name as its heritage for languages which are used in a similar fashion. Barbara seidlhofer author of understanding english as a. In particular this paper drew attention to the conceptual gap between. Apparently paradoxically, the more localised the use of english as a lingua fra nca, the more variation it is likely to display. As the language is taken over and put to effective communicative use by nonnative speakers on a global scale, assumptions that native speakers have exclusive property rights, and are.
Research perspectives on teaching english as a lingua franca barbara seidlhofer this chapter shows just how deeply affected english has already been through its unprecedented spread, and the unique function it has as the world language. Since roughly only one out of every four users of english in the world is a native speaker of the language crystal 2003. To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the faculty of arts at the university of helsinkiin lecture room 12, university main building, on the 16. Paradowski and others published barbara seidlhofer. Analysis of the history, evolution of english and its impact on other languages leads us to sketch out a prospective future of it as a global lingua franca. Accommodation and the idiom principle in english as a. Describing and analyzing english as a lingua franca. English as a lingua fra nca elf is the use of the english language as a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Elf can be either a language, an actual variety of english, distinct from native varieties. Teaching the pronunciation of english as a lingua franca. Elf is a contact language between persons who share neither a common native tongue nor a common culture, and for whom english is the chosen. The global spread of english as one of the main issues in applied linguistics seidlhofer, 2003 provoked the development of world englishes we, english as a lingua franca elf, and english as an international language eil as new fields of study in english language teaching elt.
The idiom principle in english as a lingua franca 27 in monolingual production there is hardly any doubt about the salience of the idiom principle. In the case of the immanent critique oregan, 2014, the journal of applied linguistics invited researchers who are active in the field of english as a lingua franca. It argues, however, that it would be premature to launch into a discussion of the teaching of this lingua franca before certain prerequisites have been met. Lingua franca nova lfn is an auxiliary constructed language created by dr c george boeree of shippensburg university, pennsylvania. A complete introduction to the theoretical nature and practical implications of english used as a lingua franca. It argues, however, that it would be premature to launch into a discussion of the teaching of this lingua. English operates as a lingua franca at a number of different levels, including local, national, regional and international.
However, as speakers around the world increasingly interact in english as a lingua franca elf contexts, there is less focus on nativespeaker targets, and there is wide acceptance that achieving intelligi. For all those interested in such matters, whether as teachers or researchers, this clearly written and stimulating volume certainly deserves a place on their shelves. We then explore the beginnings of elf in its modern manifestation, including the earliest elf research, and tackle the thorny issue of defining elf. Prescriptivists generally nonlinguists tend to dismiss elf as a kind of foreigner talk or what has been disparagingly called bsebad. This chapter shows just how deeply affected english has already been through its unprecedented spread, and the unique function it has as the world language. Some basic questions about english as a lingua franca barbara seidlhofer introduction.
The center for english as a lingua franca celf, an initiative of a private university in tokyo, was founded with serious consideration given to the pedagogical implications of the widespread use of english as a lingua franca elf. The spread of english as the international lingua franca elf, like other aspects of globalization, calls for a reconsideration of conventional ways of thinking. English today is, no doubt, a lingua franca in the sense of unescos broad definition, but it is at the same time a native language of a substantial subset of participants in the communication that is expressed in it. English as a lingua franca the literature on this subject is far from presenting clearcut definitions of a lingua franca.
Chapter 2 assumptions and presumptions discusses the construct of nativespeaker authority and the contradictions this entails. The word understanding in the title of seidlhofers book is ambiguous. Riassunto per lesame di lingua inglese i, basato su rielaborazione di appunti personali e studio del libro adottato dalla docente seidlhofer, understanding english as a lingua franca, seidlhofer. Today when we find a language which is commonly used by people whose native languages are different, we describe it as a lingua franca. Barbara seidlhofer is the author of understanding english as a lingua franca 3. In understanding english as a lingua franca, barbara seidlhofer deals with the linguistic implications of globalization in the expanding circle kachru 1992 viewed from a transformationalist perspective, as opposed to one that is hyperglobalist. English is undoubtedly the lingua franca elf in europe, as it is used for academic and professional communication. Although seidlhofer cites three definitions of lingua franca echoing this view samarin, 1987. English as a lingua franca what it is and what it isnt. Keywordsenglish, global lingua franca, history, evolution, simultaneous. So english as a lingua franca is a name given to the language in. Lingua franca english, multilingual communities, and. The role of english as a lingua franca in european.
English as a lingua franca studies elf from a sociointeractional perspective have illustrated the subtle actions of interlocutors that highlight their situated identities zimmerman, 1998 in talkin. This book examines the use of english as a lingua franca elf from various perspectives. Learning to become users of english as a lingua franca. Seidlho fer find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. This paper argues that although this orientation is. Acquiring and using lingua franca english graddol 1999 prophesied in the future english will be a language used mainly in multilingual contexts as a second language and for communication between nonnative speakers p. Lingua franca was firstly used during the middle age in mediterranean. The number of english speakers in the world continues to grow, but the vast majority are nonnative speakers using english to communicate with each other, rather than with native speakers. Word stress and pronunciation teaching in english as a. Jenkins 2000, set the foundation for much subsequent work in the field. Understanding english as a lingua franca by barbara seidlhofer, 9780194375009, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. As such, globalization is taken as the driving force behind social, economic, and political changes. Lingua franca plays an enormous role in global communication.
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