It is rare that the correctness or incorrectness of an interpretation can be ascertained, because the actual geology is rarely known in enough detail. The results demonstrate that seismic measurements intended for refraction interpretation can also be successfully processed using reflection seismic processing methods. Pdf on jul 14, 20, omid ahmadi and others published 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an approach to providing reliable results from 2d seismic data. Acquisition, processing, and interpretation of pp and ps. Bayou corne 3d 20 summary of key findings excellent seismic images provided by new 3d are much better than 2007 legend seismic data og 3 collapse zone limited to small area at depth and small vertical riser along outside of. Fault images we created a synthetic 3d seismic image figure 3 with normal, reverse, and intersecting faults to illustrate our 3d seismic image processing for 1 computing images of fault likelihood, strike, and dip, 2 constructing fault samples from thinned fault images.
Nov 24, 2014 the seismic tool must provide a cost efficient alternative to additional drilling. They should also be able to calculate volumes and understand the principles of risking prospects. Aug 21, 2003 3d seismic data have become the key tool used in the petroleum industry to understand the subsurface. Pdf 3d seismic interpretation and forward modelingan. Seismic data interpretation for reservoir boundaries parameters and characterization by w l abriel. Pdf 3d seismic processing and interpretation from 2d seismic. Intermediateadvanced course description this course delivers techniques related to practical analysis and interpretation of 3d seismic. Acquisition, processing, and interpretation of pp and ps 3. The main use of seismic attributes was to create an intuitive display that. With their knowledge and application, the students should be able to generate a geologica.
Apr 14, 2020 3d seismic interpretation is a form of seismic interpretation which relies on the use of 3d surveys which provide visualizations of structures in three dimensions. The basic principles of 2d seismic data processing still apply to 3d processing. With their knowledge and application, the students should be able to generate a geologica framework. Comparison between the 2d and 3d seismic data showing the actual location of the deep zone in the 3d volume and where that was. Seismic interpretation and depth conversion of the. Perform a combined stratigraphic and structural seismic interpretation. Petrel seismic interpretation enables basin, prospect, and fieldscale 2d and 3d seismic interpretation and mapping.
Conceived in 1979 and first published in 1986, the book helps geoscientists extract more information from their seismic data and improve the quality of. The interactive interpretation seismic workstations are valuable tools for efficiently performing interpretation of large volumes of 3d seismic data. Introduction to 2d 3d seismic data acquisition and processing for nongeophysicists by k. How is a 2d seismic survey different from a 3d seismic. The parameterization of the seismic data is based on the interpreted faults and main stratigraphic events, and. Seismic interpretation an overview sciencedirect topics.
While modern multichannel data have increased the quantity and quality of interpretable data, proper interpretation still requires that the interpreter draw upon his or her geological understanding to pick the most likely interpretation from the many. This book introduces geophysicists and geologists to the techni. Their ability to organise and manipulate large quantities of data in a convenient and efficient manner permits faster and more meaningful interpretations. In oil and gas applications, 3d seismic exploration is a mature technology that has profoundly influenced all aspects of exploration and development. Seismic interpretation report post peejay 2d3d seismic surveys t39p, bass basin, offshore northern tasmania march, 2007 introduction this interpretation report provides documentation of the seismic interpretation conducted in t39p and has been.
In 2d seismic data processing, traces are collected into commonmidpoint cmp gathers to create a cmp stack. Pdf 2d and 3d seismic simulation for fault modeling. Seismic interpretation, whether for hydrocarbon exploration or geotechnical studies, is the determination of the geological significance of seismic data. Pdf 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an. First described in the literature 25 years ago walton. Innovative petrotech solutions, inc principles of 3d seismic interpretation and applications instructor. This paper presents a new way of flattening the seismic in 3d using a new spacetime framework. Gcpitfalls in 3d seismic interpretation by alistair r. Generate a random line along the 2d seismic line sg8043402 and compare the 3d and 2d data. Users can work with thousands of 2d lines, thousands of kilometers, and multiple 3d vintages and surveysacross multiple coordinate systems with very high visualization performance gpu based.
Simply defined, seismic interpretation is the science and art of inferring the geology at some depth from the processed seismic record. Well data are gotten from rock samples and measurements at depth from a wellbore. A seismic interpretation study should access the following data sets 2d or 3d seismic data cube. Seismic monitoring of oil and gas reservoirs by using timelapsed 3d surveys has come to be called the 4d seismic method 4d seismic method.
Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled acquisition, processing, and interpretation of pp and p s 3d seismic data submitted by glenn allen larson in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of master of science. Topic 1 opening session surveys presentation of the barents sea 3d seismic block and training objectives. Pdf 2d and 3d seismic data have emerged as a key tool in the oil and gas industry to. To acquire skills in interpretation of 3d seismic data to enhance theoretical knowledge of seismic structural interpretation, stratigraphic interpretation, reservoir identification and evaluation, and horizon and formation attributes. Introduction to seismic interpretation rps training. Pros and cons of 2d vs 3d seismic mineral exploration surveys. The role of 4d seismic interpretation and dynamic modelling in the successful drilling of a late stage development well in the west brae field, north sea. A 2d survey typically contains numerous lines acquired orthogonally to the strike of geological structures such as faults and folds with a minimum of lines acquired parallel to geological structures to allow linetoline tying of the seismic data. While modern multichannel data have increased the quantity and quality of interpretable data, proper interpretation still requires that the interpreter draw upon his or her geological understanding to pick the most likely interpretation from the.
Find all the books, read about the author, and more. It concisely covers all stages in exploration activities data field acquisition, data processing and interpretation, supplementing the main text with a wealth of 350 illustrations and. In every country where the author has consulted 18 countries on 6 continents, 3d techniques are either being used or are under serious consideration. For david and samantha and to the memory of ruben liner, sr. Introduction to 2d3d seismic data acquisition and processing. Seismic hydrocarbon exploration 2d and 3d techniques. The task of interpreting seismic data requires a broad range of skills and knowledge that must tie information at the basin scale to the prospect and wellbore scale. Focus on the interpretation of the fault pattern in the fault block. The seismic interpretation has been undertaken on various 2d seismic. The value of 3d seismic in todays exploration environment in canada and around the world cooper, n.
Geological image which we can build on an oil reservoir plays an important role during its production life, from appraisal phase seismic works, exploration wells, appraisal wells to the last stage of reservoir production. Pdf on jul 14, 20, omid ahmadi and others published 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an approach to providing reliable results from 2d. Result the result of this interpretation and modelling is an improved understanding of the 3d structure, stratigraphy and tectonosedimentary evolution of the basin. This book presents the essential principles and applications of seismic oilexploration techniques. Seismic traveltime inversion, traveltime tomography and seismic reflection techniques have been applied for two dimensional 2d and three dimensional 3d data acquired in conjunction with site characterization and monitoring aspects at a carbon dioxide co 2 geological storage site at ketzin, germany the co 2 sink project. Because of the completeness of data within that volume, the interpreter has more information than he would from the analysis of a 2d seismic data set. Seismic interpretation report post peejay 2d 3d seismic surveys t39p, bass basin, offshore northern tasmania march, 2007 introduction this interpretation report provides documentation of the seismic interpretation conducted in t39p and has been.
Although it is certainly possible to interpret the 3d seismic volume as a dense 2d grid in fact, some early interactive interpretation systems actually encouraged this, this is neither an effective nor an efficient approach to the interpretation. It is not required to interpret faults on all in and crosslines, but you should show in one or two figures the main fault patterns vertical, horizontal, horizon slices. After 3d migration, a 3d data volume is suitable for derivation of the 3d subsurface geological model. Multicomponent 3d seismic interpretation of the marcellus. I chose it as a reference text, before returning to work as a geophysicist. Threedimensional seismic interpretation is not just dense 2d seismic interpretation. Processing and interpretation pseudo3d seismic survey from new zealand of a new zealand, in a. The integrated interpretation and modelling method involves the following stages. The seismic data that was used to constrain the modelling could be interpreted with increased. The students should be able to use a seismic interpretation software for 2d and 3d seismic. Well data required for interpretation are wireline logs gamma ray logs, resistivity logs, porosity log, sonic logs, density logs and neutron logs or equivalent rock property model, check shot data.
Seismic interpretation of the top and base dinantian. T7 provides a rich mix of traditional and more innovative methods of seismic interpretation in 2dimensional and 3dimensional contexts. The marcellus formation is a black shale that contains one of the worlds largest unconventional tight gas plays. We firmly believe that the best structural work is done more intuitively in a 3dimensional workspace but we also understand that the systematic, sectionbysection. Due to known drilling risks in this area in the vicinity of faults, the client was also in need of better trap delineation in order to plan. Seismic 2d reflection processing and interpretation of. Pdf on jul 14, 20, omid ahmadi and others published 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an approach to providing reliable results from 2d seismic data find, read and cite all. A global approach in seismic interpretation based on cost function minimization fabien pauget, sebastien lacaze and thomas valding, eliis summary the method presented in this paper is a novel approach for geological modelling from 3d seismic seismic data. People often use specialized software for this task, as the process requires a lot of math and the careful construction and interpretation of data. The example in figure 1 shows a no reflection zone on the 2d migrated section, while the same zone contains a series of continuous reflections on the 3d migrated section that are easily correlated with reflections outside that zone.
Structural and stratigraphic 3d seismic interpretation of. This course discusses the seismic principles necessary for understanding the concepts of seismic data acquisition and processing. Interpreting 2d seismic with the assistance of falcon. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data is the definitive, and now classic, text on the subject. Impact of 3d seismic on structural interpretation at prospect cougar by c j mccarthy and p w bilinski. Advanced seismic interpretation is a course designed for graduate students. Application in environmentally sensitive areas of the neuquen basin, argentina. In this study, the structural system, and the seismic interpretation of middle cretaceous in jk field in southeast muglad basin were interpreted using 3d seismic data volume, well logs, and seismic attributes. Reflection seismic imaging uses reflected energy to construct an image of the subsurface to investigate the underlying structure and stratigraphy. Pdf pros and cons of 2d vs 3d seismic mineral exploration. Unlike traditional seismic interpretation based on labour intensive. Lapse seismic reservoir monitoring of african reservoirs. This lesson defines and describes the steps utilized in seismic interpretation.
We firmly believe that the best structural work is done more intuitively in a 3dimensional workspace but we also understand that the systematic, sectionbysection approach is still a useful. You try and make sure that the places where you send the sh. Increasing number of active geophones and shots, and line density, would enhance reliability of the reflections. Phase 1 5120 5312015 study included the following objectives. After the students have learned about these different steps in detail, they then apply this knowledge to an exercise. Robert stewart, department of geology and geophysics. The procedure followed was the interpretation of seismic lines and cross lines across the mc area, producing a seismic map view grid with the top and base of salt interpreted, being this structure the prevailing one in the subdivision. They will be able to perform regional seismic mapping in addition to detailed seismic prospect evaluation. Topics covered in this book include basic structural interpretation and mapmaking. Principles of 3d seismic interpretation and applications. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data, 7th.
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